@article{shumailov2024modelcollapse,
  author    = {Shumailov, Ilia and Shumaylov, Zakhar and Zhao, Yiren and Gal, Yarin and Papernot, Nicolas and Anderson, Ross},
  title     = {{AI} Models Collapse When Trained on Recursively Generated Data},
  journal   = {Nature},
  volume    = {631},
  pages     = {755--759},
  year      = {2024},
  month     = jul,
  doi       = {10.1038/s41586-024-07566-y},
  note      = {Author Correction issued 21 March 2025. Verbatim source for the ``indiscriminate use of model-generated content in training causes irreversible defects \ldots tails of the original content distribution disappear'' sentence. Verified live against \url{https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07566-y}.}
}

@book{aristotle-nicomachean,
  author    = {Aristotle},
  title     = {Nicomachean Ethics},
  year      = {-350},
  note      = {Book VI: the intellectual virtues. Bekker numbers 1138b--1145a. Standard reference text for the \emph{episteme} / \emph{techne} / \emph{phronesis} triad. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry: \url{https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-ethics/}}
}

@book{ryle1949concept,
  author    = {Ryle, Gilbert},
  title     = {The Concept of Mind},
  publisher = {Hutchinson},
  address   = {London},
  year      = {1949},
  note      = {Chapter I, \S\,2 (``The Absurdity of the Official Doctrine''), where the term \emph{category-mistake} is introduced. 60th-anniversary edition with critical introduction by Daniel C. Dennett: London: Routledge, 2009, ISBN 978-0-415-48547-0. High-authority secondary: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Ryle, \url{https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ryle/}.}
}

@misc{c2pa-spec,
  author    = {{Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity}},
  title     = {{C2PA} Technical Specification},
  url       = {https://c2pa.org/specifications/},
  note      = {Current published technical specification of the Content Credentials provenance standard.}
}

@misc{c2pa-membership,
  author    = {{Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity}},
  title     = {{C2PA} Membership},
  url       = {https://c2pa.org/membership/},
  year      = {2026},
  month     = apr,
  note      = {Live membership page; fetched and verified 26 April 2026. Members named in the field note (Adobe, Microsoft, Google, OpenAI, Meta, Sony, Intel, BBC, Associated Press, New York Times, dpa, Canon, Nikon, Leica, TikTok, Truepic, Publicis Groupe) all confirmed against the page's logo grid on this date. Reuters and Getty Images, named in some earlier compilations, were \emph{not} present on the live page on this date and are deliberately not cited as members in this field note.}
}

@misc{cai-wikipedia,
  author    = {{Wikipedia}},
  title     = {Content Authenticity Initiative},
  url       = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Authenticity_Initiative},
  note      = {Reference for the November 2019 founding by Adobe, \emph{The New York Times}, and Twitter, and for the relationship between the CAI and the later C2PA technical standard.}
}

@misc{textfragments,
  author    = {{W3C Web Incubator Community Group}},
  title     = {Text Fragments (\texttt{\#:\~{}:text=})},
  url       = {https://wicg.github.io/scroll-to-text-fragment/},
  note      = {URL-fragment standard for linking directly to a specific passage on a target page. Implemented in major browsers; the citation-grade primitive on which an honest research-tool LLM could be built.}
}

@book{postman1985amusing,
  author    = {Postman, Neil},
  title     = {Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business},
  publisher = {Viking Penguin},
  address   = {New York},
  year      = {1985},
  isbn      = {0-670-80454-1},
  note      = {Chapter 7 (``Now\ldots This''). The disinformation passage (``creates the illusion of knowing something but which in fact leads one away from knowing'') appears in Postman's discussion of television news form in that chapter. 20th-anniversary Penguin edition: 2005, ISBN 978-0-14-303653-1. Library of Congress catalog record: \url{https://lccn.loc.gov/85005335}.}
}

@misc{mcdougal-fox,
  author    = {{United States District Court for the Southern District of New York}},
  title     = {McDougal v. Fox News Network, LLC, No. 1:19-cv-11161},
  year      = {2020},
  month     = sep,
  note      = {Memorandum and order of dismissal entered 24 September 2020 by Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil. Docket via CourtListener: \url{https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/16591235/mcdougal-v-fox-news-network-llc/}.}
}

@misc{herring-maddow,
  author    = {{United States District Court for the Southern District of California; United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit}},
  title     = {Herring Networks, Inc. v. Maddow, No. 3:19-cv-01713 (S.D. Cal. May 22, 2020), aff'd, 8 F.4th 1148 (9th Cir. 2021)},
  year      = {2021},
  note      = {District court dismissal by Judge Cynthia Bashant; affirmed by the Ninth Circuit in 2021. Docket via CourtListener: \url{https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/16356148/herring-networks-inc-v-maddow/}.}
}

@misc{sandmann-cnn,
  author    = {{United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky}},
  title     = {Sandmann v. Cable News Network, Inc., No. 2:19-cv-00031},
  year      = {2020},
  note      = {Confidential settlement publicly announced 7 January 2020; terms undisclosed. Docket via CourtListener: \url{https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/14782018/sandmann-v-cable-news-network-inc/}.}
}

@misc{balboa2026realbot,
  author    = {Balboa, Carey James},
  title     = {The Real Bot Hasn't Been Built Yet --- A Manifesto on {AI} Mislabeling, Model Collapse, and the Scholar Bot We Deserve},
  publisher = {IT Help San Diego Inc.},
  year      = {2026},
  month     = apr,
  url       = {https://www.it-help.tech/field-notes/the-real-bot-hasnt-been-built-yet.pdf},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.19468134},
  note      = {Long-form companion manifesto (8 pages), including the verbatim ``Exhibit A'' transcript excerpted in this field note. ORCID: \url{https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5237-9065}.}
}